Kurt Lischka German Security Police - France. The German Occupation of Europe http://www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

Kurt Lischka was born in Breslau on the 16 August 1909, the son of a bank official, after studying law and political science in Breslau and Berlin, he was active in different district courts and worked in the Provincial Court of Appeal in Breslau.

Lischka joined the SS on the 1 June 1933, reaching the rank of SS Major five years later and being promoted to SS-Lieutenant –Colonel on the 20 April 1942. On the 1 September 1935 Lischka joined the Gestapo and in January 1940 became head of the Gestapo in Cologne.

Kurt Lischka's SS Fragebogen/Questionnaire

Lischka was transferred to France, he became Helmut Knochen’s deputy, in November 1940. Knochen was Commander of the Security Police in Occupied France from 1940 to 1944. He also served from the 15 January 1943 as Commander of the Security Police and SD in Paris, as well as chief of the department which oversaw the internment camps and which executed detainees.

Lischka’s forte was the “Jewish Question” in which he had specialised since 1938, when he took over the Referat IVB (Jewish Affairs) in the Gestapo. At the end of 1938 he had been appointed head of the Reich Centre for Jewish Emigration in Berlin, and, during the war, had been instrumental in planning and supervising the deportation and subsequent murder of 80,000 Jews in France and of other “undesirables” of the Third Reich.

Kurt Lischka's Service record

Lischka was arrested on the 10 December 1945 after going into hiding in Schleswig- Holstein. He was interned by the British and then by the French, before being handed over to the Czechs on the 2 May 1947 for his activities at the end of the war, when he was head of the Referat for the Bohemian Protectorate in the Reich Main Security Office.

Released and returned to the then West Germany on the 22 August 1950, Lischka lived un-touched in the Federal Republic even though a French court sentenced him in absentia to hard labour for life on 18 September 1950 for his wartime role in the “Final Solution” in occupied France.

Lischka worked for a time as a commercial employee and even became a judge in the Federal Republic, his life sentence awarded in France notwithstanding.

Lischka had been condemned 1950 in absence from a French military court to life imprisonment. Due to the 1955 closed transition agreement Lischka, like many other war criminals was protected against extradition, so did not stand trial in France.

Reconnaissance film of Kurt Lischka taken by Klarsfeld

Lischka stood charges on the so-called Harlan list, for a list of over 100 Germans formerly active in the occupied France, which was led by the Ludwigsburg War Crimes centre.

In 1971 he was discovered by Serge Klarsfeld a French/Jewish lawyer and Holocaust survivor together with his wife Beate, living on the Bergisch Gladbacher Road 554 in Cologne, West Germany.

They couple considered kidnapping him and transporting him back to France, and even took steps to do so. But they were arrested and both Serge and Beate were sentenced to two months in jail. In 1977 Lischka retired and was awarded a pension. Due to international protests, the sentence was suspended.

However, eventually the efforts of the, Serge and Beate Klarsfeld to bring Lischka to justice paid off. The abduction incident, and later activities by the Klarsfelds and by the descendants of Lischka's victims, resulted in a revision of the legal situation and Lischka was brought to trial in Cologne at the end of the 1970’s.

At article in the Jerusalem Post dated February 12, 1980 stated the following:

Article detailing the verdict against Lischka, Hagen, Henichson published in "Der Spielgel" 1980

(photo added)

COLOGNE, West Germany. — French Jews applauded yesterday as a Cologne court sentenced three former Nazis to long jail terms for deporting 73,000 French Jews to the Auschwitz death camp.

A 12-year term went to Herbert-Martin Hagen, 66, who had been personal assistant to the SS police chief in France and head of a department in the Paris Gestapo.

Kurt Lischka, 70, one-time Gestapo chief in Paris, and Ernst Heinrichsohn, 59, who worked in the Gestapo's Jewish affairs department in Paris, were jailed for 10 and six years respectively.

After passing sentence, Judge Heinz Fassbender said in a two-hour statement all three must have realized that death faced many of the 73,000 men, women and children whose deportation the accused had helped to organize. The prosecution had demanded sentences of It years each for Lischka and Hagen and five years for Heinrichsohn.

Ernst Heinrichsohn (photo added)

Passbender said the court gave Lischka a milder sentence because he was not In charge of Jewish deportation and markedly anti-Semitic. But the judge attacked Hagcn as an "anti-Jewish racist" who In the language of the Third Reich "always supported a radical solution of the Jewish problem."

Serge Klarsfeld, the French Jewish lawyer whose long years of research helped bring the trial about, afterwards pronounced himself "satisfied" with the sentences; although Helnrtchsohn's was too mild In his view.

Beate Klarsfeld leads a protest (photo added)

Klarsfeld's wife Beate, whose spectacular attempt to kidnap Lischka In 1971 brought publicity to the case, smiled and embraced French Jews who travelled to Cologne to hear the verdict.

As a man who spread Nazi propaganda, Fassbender said, Hagen was at least partly responsible for the indoctrination and deeds in 1942 of the then 22-year-old Heinrichsohn.

Despite his youth and junior post, Fassbender said, Heinrichsohn certainly knew of the misery of Jews in Drancy and other French camps he emptied to fill the trains rumbling to Auschwitz. "You saw children starving, badly clothed and forcibly separated from their parents. Even a 22-year-old man can see that."

Heinrichsohn's attempts throughout the three-and-a-half month trial to gloss over this with "half-truths and untruths" were one reason for the increase in his sentence. Heinrichsohn, who immediately resigned his post as mayor of the Bavarian town of Buergstadt, turned away and buried his face in his hands as the judge addressed him.

Ernst Heinrichsohn's report to Eichmann on transport of Jews from Beaune-la-Roland to Auschwitz (photo added)

The three former Nazis were earlier tried and sentenced in absentia by French courts, who handed Lischka a death sentence in 1951. Although they later surfaced at home, the three were not extradited to serve the sentences, as West Germany does not extradite its citizens.

After a change in the law to allow retrial of cases handled abroad, they were brought to court in Cologne last summer. Lischka, Hagen and Heinrichsohn walked out of the court after the verdict, pending possible appeal.

French Jews, many wearing yellow, wartime-style badges saying "Jew from France," said they thought their involvement in the trial had helped speed up the proceedings, which began in October.

Kurt Lischka hides his face behind his briefcase (photo added)

In contrast, another war crimes trial concerned with Nazi killings at Majdanek death camp in eastern Poland is still going on in nearby Düsseldorf after more than four years.

The trial, which is likely to be one of the last major war crimes hearings in West Germany, had been punctuated by Jewish protests, which erupted into violence at the opening session in October.

The only demonstrations outside the court yesterday were by young German Socialists and a handful of Germans who survived Nazi
persecution. (UPI, Reuter)

In a later interview Serge Klarsfeld had the following to say about Lischka:

"Kurt Lischka is a most interesting case, because he became an attorney to an import export company for grain and cattle. One sends cattle to the slaughterhouse, but one never goes there. In the war there were many such slaughterhouses: Auschwitz, Sobibor, Treblinka. But the Nazi criminals never visited Auschwitz, Sobibor or Treblinka, they were not even in Drancy with the Jews.

Kurt Lischka in Police custody

They performed an almost abstract work: Keeping Berlin constantly updated and informed as the status and amounts of Jews being sent to their death. The role Nazi’s played at Auschwitz, was almost identical to what Lischka in his role as an attorney."

Lischka was accused of war crimes together with his former colleague in Paris, Ernest Heinrichsohn and Herbert – Martin Hagen, a top SD official in occupied France, who had also been sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia, but nonetheless became a prominent West German industrialist after the war.

The Cologne War Criminals Trial against Lischka, Hagen and Heinrichsohn was one of the most important trials of ex-Nazis. On the 2 February 1980 the Cologne County Court found Lischka guilty of war crimes and sentenced him to ten years’ imprisonment.

Sources:

Who’s Who in Nazi Germany, by Robert S Wistrich, published by Routledge, London and New York 1995

Wiener Library

The Jerusalem Post

Klarsfeld Foundation

Holocaust Historical Society .

Bundesarchive Cologne